====== Operators ======

When evaluating expressions in a programming language, it is important to
understand the order of operations, also know as operator precedence. The
following table describes Cubloc BASIC's operator precedence.

^Operator ^Explanation ^Type ^Precendence^
|%%^%% |To the power of |Math |First|
|*,/,MOD |Multiply, Divide, MOD |Math|
|+,- |Add, Subtract |Math|
|<<, >> |Left Shift, Right Shift |Logic|
|<, >, <=, >= |Less than, Larger than, \\ Less or Equal to , Larger or \\ Equal to.|Comparison|
|=, <> |Same, Different |Comparison|
|AND, XOR, OR,NOT|Boolean AND, XOR, OR, & NOT|Logic |Last|

Within each row in the table above, the operators are evaluated from left to
right. Operators can be used in conditional statement as show below.

<code xbasic>
IF A+1 = 10 THEN GOTO ABC
</code>

{{ :cubloc:operators:operators.png?nolink |}}

Use parenthesis to explicitly control the order of operations in an expression.

When multiple operators are used, the expression will be evaluated in the following order:

1) Operator(s) inside parenthesis
2) Negative Sign (–)
3) Exponent (^)
4) Multiplication, Division, Remainder (*, /, MOD)
5) Addition/Subtraction (+,-)
6) Bit-wise Left Shift, Bit-wise Right Shift (<<, >>)

{{ :cubloc:operators:opration_order.png?nolink |}}

Operators used in Cubloc BASIC may differ slightly from common
mathematical operators. Please refer to the table below:

^Operator ^Math ^Basic ^Example^
|Add |+ |+ |3+4+5, 6+A|
|Subtract |-| -| 10-3, 63-B|
|Multiply |X |* |2 * 4, A * 5|
|Division |{{:cubloc:operators:divide.png?nolink |}}  |/ |1234/3, 3843/A|
|To the power of |5<sup>3</sup>|%%^%%  |5%%^%%3, A%%^%%2|
|MOD |Remainder of |mod |102 mod 3|

When numbers of different types are mixed in an expression, the final
result is cast to the type of the assigned variable.

<code xbasci>
Dim F1 As Single
Dim A As Long
F1 = 1.1234
A = F1 * 3.14               ' A gets 3 even though result is 3.525456.
</code>

Please be sure to include a decimal point(.) when using floating point
numbers even if your computer's language setting uses a different character
for its decimal separator.

<code xbasic>
F1 = 3.0/4.0                               ' Write 3/4 as 3.0/4.0 for floating values
F1 = 200.0 + Floor(A) * 12.0 + SQR(B)      '200 as 200.0, 12 as 12.0…
</code>

The And, Xor, and Or operators are used for both logical and bit-wise operations.

<code xbasic>
If A=1 And B=1 Then C=1 ' if A=1 and B=1 …(Logical Operation)
If A=1 Or B=1 Then C=1  ' if A=1 or B=1…(Logical Operation)
A = B And &HF           'Set the upper 4 bits to zero. (Bit-wise Operation)
A = B Xor &HF           'Invert the lower 4 bits. (Bit-wise Operation)
A = B Or &HF            'Set the lower 4 bits to 1. (Bit-wise Operation).
</code>

**String** can be compared with the = operator.

<code xbasic>
Dim ST1 AS String * 12
Dim ST2 AS String * 12
ST1 = "COMFILE"
ST2 = "CUBLOC"
If ST1=ST2 Then ST2 = "OK"            ' Check if ST1 is same as ST2.
</code>

When comparing Strings, Cubloc BASIC compares the ASCII value of each
character in the String. Therefore, String comparisons are casesensitive;
"COMFILE" does not equal "comfile".

{{ :cubloc:operators:string_compare.png?nolink |}}

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